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Sebastian Weydner-Volkmann

• The goal of the TRESSPASS project is to develop, demonstrate and validate a single cohesive risk-based border management concept for air, maritime and land border crossing points. As part of this goal, the project follows an Ethics and Data Protection by Design (EDPbD) approach that builds on previous ethical research (Volkmann 2017). Based on the typology of ethical, legal and societal issues of risk-based border management presented in TRESSPASS’s deliverable D9.6, this report is a preliminary and partial definition of a framework for impact assessment. The framework aims at allowing a comparative assessment of different procedural designs for border checks. It aims at allowing a better understanding of the trade-offs involved in introducing especially risk-based border checks as part of a future border management regime. This is done by comparing the effects of the procedural designs of border crossing points along with the twelve types of relevant impact specified in the typology. The present report describes the adaptation of the method that will be used for comparative impact assessment of border checks along with four-point ordinal scales ("normative measurement"). It then continues to analyse how each of the twelve types of ELSA related impact relates to the TRESSPASS developed enabling technologies for risk-based border management. This way, it is ensured that the framework can adequately reflect the impact of risk-based checks. As part of this analysis, options for value-sensitive design during technology design become apparent (cf. also deliverable D3.1 and D4.3) and preliminary findings on the ethical trade-offs implied by different forms of traveller risk assessment were established. For two of the twelve types of impact, modes of impact and observable indicators for impact assessment were already defined in this report. In deliverable D9.8, this will also be done for the rest of types of impact defined in the typology along with the definition of the coding and aggregation rules for qualitative evaluation of the impact along four-point ordinal scales. Furthermore, a preliminary outline was presented on how WP6’s collaboration between the TRESSPASS and PERSONA projects on traveller acceptance data could be used in relation to the ethical framework. Lastly, the ethical frameworks integration with WP6’s overall CONOPS framework and WP7’s simulation and evaluation platform has been described in more detail. The framework presented in this report aims at allowing a better, comparative understanding of the positive as well as of the negative effects of introducing risk-based border checks as part of a future border management regime. We hope that this will allow ethically informed and well-balanced decisions about the kind of border checks desired for Europe’s external borders (Ethics and Data Protection by design).